Computer
Study Point
Sub: Computer
Application
Unit 1: INTERNET
Internet:
The internet is the largest computer
network in the world, connecting millions of computers. A network is a group of
two or more computer systems linked together.
Internet and its uses:
Internet
helps us to share information from any place in the world
•
Internet
is a source of lot of information for education purposes
•
Internet
enables fast transfer of news or incidents to people
•
Internet
can be used for communication from end of the world to the other
•
Without
internet, the world would move slow nowadays
World Wide
Web (WWW):
The World Wide Web (WWW) is a network of
online content that is formatted in HTML and accessed via HTTP. The term refers
to all the interlinked HTML pages that can be accessed over the Internet. The
World Wide Web was originally designed in 1991 by Tim Berners-Lee
Web Server:
A
web server is a system that delivers content or services to end users over the
internet. A web server consists of a physical server, server operating system
(OS) and software used to facilitate HTTP communication.
Web Client:
A web client is a program capable of
communicating with Web servers, requesting and receiving information from them,
and processing it for display or other uses. A web browser is one kind of Web
client.
Website:
A website is a collection of web
pages and related content that is identified by a common domain name and published on at least one web
server.
Example:
1) wikipedia.org, 2) google.com, 3) amazon.com.
Web page:
A web page is a specific collection of
information provided by a website and displayed to a user in a web browser. A web page may contain text, graphics,
and hyperlinks to other web pages and files.
Web
Browsers:
Web browser is a software application used to
locate, retrieve and display content on the World Wide Web, including Web
pages, images and video.
Example: : Internet Explorer, Mozilla
Firefox, Google Chrome and Opera. Etc.
Blog
Blog are similar to an online personal
diary and simple to use. We can use a blog to convey messages about events,
news, review etc.
Blog Website:
Wordpress.org
Wordpress.com
Wix.com
Squarespace.com
Blogger.com
Blogging:
A blogger is someone who runs and
controls a blog. He or she shares his or her opinion on different topics for a
target audience.
Newsgroup:
A newsgroup is an Internet-based
discussion around an individual, entity, organization or topic. Newsgroups
enable remotely connected users to share, discuss and learn about their topic
of interest by exchanging text messages, images, videos and other forms of
digital content.
HTML:
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is the
set of markup symbols or codes inserted in a file intended for display on a
World Wide Web browser page.
Web Address :
A Web address, or URL, is an Internet
address that denotes the location of a specific webpage, file or document on
the World Wide Web. URL is a short for the term "uniform resource
locator." Every page or file located on the Web is assigned a unique Web
address.
Downloading:
Downloading means to copy something from
other remote machine connected through some network or Internet, to the client
machine (User's machine).
Uploading :
Uploading : uploading means to copy some file
or data from the client's machine to the remote machine.
Email:
E-Mail stands for electronic mail. It is
a facility on internet to send and receive messages anywhere around the
world.The best part of e-mail is that is
a single mail can be sent to number of persons at a time. We can attach photo,
video, or important data along with our messages. These extra files are called
attachment
Email-Address:
An email address identifies a location
on the Internet where an e-mail can be sent.
An E-mail address conisits of two parts.
Separated by @ (‘at’) symbol. An E-mail Address cannot contain spaces.
Example: Kips@email.com.
User Name:It is the name of a person;s account.
This can be the real name of the user’s or any other name.
Domain Name: It is the location of the person
account on the Internet separate by a period(.) and then type of organization
is maintained.
The popular sites are.
DO use Email to:
•
Provide one or multiple audiences
with a brief status update in the body of a message
•
Deliver a longer message or
information as an attachment to your intended receivers
•
Give timely information
consistently to a group of receiver(s)
•
Prompt the receiver(s) to view
web-based content or other content that’s attached
Email spam: Spam also known as junk email, is
unsolicited bulk messages sent
through email.
Components of
Email:
Inbox: It displays information about all the
mails received by you. Each Message header displays the sender name, the
subject line, the time and the date when the mail was sent and sometimes the
size of the message.
Compose:To Compose a mail, you to click on the
Compose option. IT will open a new window with the Follwing Coponents.
To: - Put the email address here if it is for
their attention and action.
Cc: (Carbon Copy) :- Put the email address here if you are
sending a copy for their information.
Bcc: (Blind
Carbon Copy) :- Put the email address here if you are sending them a
Copy and you do not want the other recipients to see that you sent it to this
contact.
Subject: This line shows the subject of the
message. This is a short description that is typed by the person who composes
the message.
Attachment: An email attachment is a computer file
sent along with an email message. One or more files can be attached to any
email message, and be sent along with it to the recipient.
Sending an Email:
After Composing an E-mail click on the Send
Button.
Logout/ Sign Out: Click this button to logout from the
site. once you have finished reading or
sending the e-mail.
Advantages of
email:
Cost-effective: There are various free email services available to
individuals and organizations. Once a user is online, there are no additional
charges for the service.
Speed and simplicity: Emails are quick and easy to compose,
with information and contacts readily available. They can also be exchanged
quickly with minimal lag time.
Mass sending: Email makes it possible and easy to
send one message to large groups of people.
PROTOCOL
•
A
Protocol is the set of rules that two or
more machines on a network follow to communication with each other.
•
A
protocol defines how computer identify one computer on a network decide the
format of the data when it is in transmit between the sending and receiving
computer and how this information is process once it reached its Final
Destination
1)
TCP/IP
2)
Point to Point Protocol (PPP)
3)
Post Office Protocol 3 (POP3)
4)
Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)
5)
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
6)
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS)
7)
Secure Shell Protocol(SSH)
8)
Secure File Transfer Protocol(SFTP)
9)
File Transfer Protocol(FTP)
10) The
network Terminal Protocol(TELNET)
11) SMTP
(Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
TCP/IP
•
TCP/
IP is a set of protocol that handles the data is transmitted across the
internet
•
TCP/IP,
in full Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, standard Internet communications protocols that allow digital computers to communicate over long
distances.
•
TCP
is the component that collects and reassembles the packets of data
•
IP is responsible for making sure the packets
are sent to the right destination.
Point
to Point Protocol (PPP)
•
It
is a protocol used to establish a direct connection between two computer using
telephone lines.
Post Office Protocol 3 (POP3)
•
Post Office Protocol 3 (POP3) is the most recent
version of for receiving e-mail.
•
POP3 is a client/server protocol in which mail is
received and held for the recipient by protocol Internet server.
Internet Message
Access Protocol (IMAP)
•
IMAP
can be through of a remote file server. allows you to access your email message
wherever you are.
•
Email
message are stored on servers.
•
You
check inbox your email client contact the server to connect you with your
message.
Hyper
Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
•
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol is a set of rule or
protocol that transfer of hypertext between two or more computer.
•
hypertext
is the highlight text on a webpage that activate a link to another hypertext
document or a file.
•
hypertext is specially coded using Standard
System called HTML ( Hypertext Markup
Language).
Hyper
Text Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS)
Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure
(HTTPS) is an extension of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). It is used
for secure communication over a computer network, and is widely used on the
Internet.
Secure
Shell Protocol(SSH)
Secure Shell Protocol is a method
for secure remote login from one computer to another.
Secure File Transfer Protocol(SFTP):
Secure File Transfer Protocol is a
secure file transfer protocol. It runs over the SSH protocol.
File Transfer
Protocol(FTP)
File Transfer Protocol is a
commonly used protocol for exchanging files over any network that supports the
TCP/IP protocol.
FTP is an Internet standard that
permit the process of file uploading and downloading with other computers on
the internet.
The network
Terminal Protocol(TELNET)
This protocol helps a user to log
in at a remote computer and functions if he were connected directly to that computer.
A telnet session requires the user
to specify the host address, valid user login and password.
SMTP (Simple
Mail Transfer Protocol)
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is a communication protocol for mail
servers to transmit e-mail over the internet.
Internet Service
Communication services: Communication services allow exchange
of information, individuals or groups.
Information retrieval: The Internet is a huge storehouse of
information. But it is also very easy to retrieve and use this information as
and when we want it. To access the web page on the internet. We use Web
Browser. A Browser is a program that lets you visit different website on the
net.
Example: Google Chrome, Internet Explorer.
Finding people on the Net :There are numerous sites on the
Internet and search engines that can be used to help find people on the
Internet. These sites could help you in locating someone online as well as
provide information about them personal or professional. You could use these
sites to find out about a person's e mail ID, phone number, address or
designation.
Cloud Computing: Cloud computing is the process of
storing information on remote servers and accessing this storing information
through the Internet.
Users can use the programs or
applications stored online.
Examples: Google Drive, Dropbox, Microsoft
SkyDrive, Google photos and YouTube.
Advantages of Cloud Computing
•
Users
can access their files from anywhere.
•
It
is easy to use and can be set up in a few minutes.
•
Data
remains secure.
Private Cloud and Public Cloud
Private Cloud:
A Private cloud hosting solution, also
known as an internal or enterprise cloud, resides on company’s hosted data
center where all the data is protected behind a firewall. The company is
responsible for maintaining the data and providing the security.
Public Cloud:
A public cloud, the data is stored in
the provider's data center. The provider is responsible for the management and
maintenance of the data center.
GOOGLE DRIVE: Google Drive is one of the most
popular programs using cloud technology.
You can use Google Drive if you have a
Google account.
One can upload, download and store these
files in different formats such as word.
Excel, photos, music etc.
Uploading files and folders into Google
Drive words
You can also work online with Google's
word processor Google Docs, spreadsheet, and create presentations in Google
Slides.
These documents can be shared with other
people who can edit, view or comment on them.
Google Drive can be used to convert
Microsoft Office files to Google formats.
Web services:
Chat, Video Conferencing, E-Learning, E-Banking, E-Shopping, E-Reservation,
E-Governance, E-Groups, Social Networking.
Web services: A
web service is a collection of open protocols and standards used
for exchanging data between applications
or systems. This interoperability (e.g., between Java and Python, or Windows
and Linux applications) is due to the use of open standards.
Chat: Chat refers to
the process of communicating, interacting and/or exchanging messages over the
Internet.
Advantages of Chat:
1.
Faster
support
2.
File
transfer
3.
Instant
customer feedback
4.
Real-time
text preview
Disadvantages of Chat:
1.
Identity
verification
2.
The
need to be online to offer support
Social Naetworking: A social networking service (also
social networking site or social media) is an online platform which people use
to build social networks or social
relationship with
other people who share similar personal or career interests, activities,
backgrounds or real-life connections. Example:
Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, and Instagram,
Advantages of Social Networking:
1.
Worldwide
Connectivity
2.
Commonality
of Interest
3.
Professional
Growth
4.
Increase
in Human Interaction
Disadvantages of Social Networking:
1.
Risks
of Fraud or Identity Theft
2.
Time
Waster
3.
Fake
News
4.
Differing
Opinions
Video Conferencing: A video conference is a live, visual
connection between two or more people residing in separate locations for the
purpose of communication. At its simplest, video conferencing provides
transmission of static images and text between two locations.
Advantages of video conferencing:
2. Dramatic travel saving
3. Easy communication
4. Increased productivity
Disadvantages of video conferencing
1. Lack of personal interaction
2.Technical problems
3. International time zones
4. High cost of setup
E-Learning: A learning system based on formalized
teaching but with the help of electronic resources is known as E-learning.
While teaching can be based in or out of the classrooms, the use of computers
and the Internet forms the major component of E-learning.
Advantages of video conferencing:
1. Full Flexibility
2. Study Where You Want to
3. Save Traveling Cost
4. Less Expensive
5. Global Benefit
Disadvantages of E-learning:
1. Less Control
2. The Learning Style May Not Suit All
3. Lack of Immediate Response
4. Lack of Computer Competency
E-Banking: The facility of e-banking provided by
the banks to their customers uses the internet as a medium. The services under
this facility include funds transfer, payment of bills, opening bank accounts
online, and much more.
Advantages of E-Banking
1. Faster Transactions
2. Convenience
3. Security
4. Easy Access
5. Speed and Efficiency
6. Better Customer Service
Disadvantages of e-banking:
1. Difficult for Beginners
2. Trust and Responsibility
3. Security Issues
4. Technology Issues
E-Shopping:
An electronic shopping cart is a software resource that functions as an
interface for users that buy items from a business online. E-commerce websites use electronic shopping carts to facilitate
purchasing by Web users.
Advantages of E-Shopping:
1. Saves time
2. Convenience of Shopping at home.
3. Wide variety / range of products are
available.
4. Good discounts / lower prices.
Diadvantages of E-Shopping:
1. Delay in delivery
2. Lack of significant discounts in online
shops.
3. Lack of interactivity in online shopping
4. Lack of shopping experience
E-Reservation: E-Reservations which simply means
Electronic Reservations.
E- Reservation or E-Booking is a
Computer Reservation System or Central Reservation System used to store and
retrieve information and conduct transactions related to air travel, hostels,
car rental or other activities.
Advantages of E- Reservation:
1. 24x7 hours service.
2. booking online removes lots of personal
contact from the travel booking process.
Disadvantages Of E- Reservation:
1. Many travel websites are complicated.
2. To attract passengers low rates are
shown.
E-Governance:
E-governance, expands to electronic governance, is the integration of
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in all the processes, with the
aim of enhancing government ability to address the needs of the general public.
Advantages
of E- Governance:
1. Improved services
2. Better accessibility of public services
3. More transparency and accountability.
Disadvantages of E- Governance
1. Inaccessibility 2) Cost
E-Groups: A E-group is a feature in many social
networking services which allows users to create, post, comment to and read
from their own interest- and niche-specific forums, often within the realm of
virtual communities.
Advantages
of E- Groups:
1) Increased Output 2)
More Resources 3) Reliability Disadvantages of E- Groups:
1) 
No Freedom for Individual Thinking
2) Difficult Evaluation
Search Engine:
A search
engine is a web-based tool that enables users to locate information on the
World Wide Web
Example: Bing, Ask.com ,Google,
Yahoo!, and MSN.etc
Mobile technologies: SMS, MMS, 3G, 4G.
Mobile technology:
Mobile technology is the technology used
for cellular communication Mobile code division multiple access (CDMA) technology has evolved rapidly
over the past few years.
A standard mobile device has changed
from being a simple two-way pager to being a mobile phones, navigation device,
an embedded web browser and instant messaging client, and a handheld gaming
console. The future of computer technology rests in mobile computing with
wireless networking Mobile by way of tablet computers are becoming more
popular.
SMS (Short Message Service):
SMS is a text messaging service component of
mobile device systems. It uses standardised protocols which allow mobile
devices to exchange short text messages.
MMS (Multimedia Messaging Service):
MMS is a popular way to share images,
audio and video content is a store-and-forward method of transmitting graphics,
video clips, sound files and the wireless networks using the WAP protocol .
3G (Third Generation):
1) 3G, is the third generation of wireless
mobile telecommunications technology.
2) 3G technology is used in wireless voice
telephony wireless, mobile Internet access, fixed Internet access, video calls
and mobile television.
3) 3G telecommunication network support
that provide an information transfer rate of at least 0.2 Mbit/s
(megabit/second).
4G (Fourth
Generation):
1) 4G is the fourth generation of broadband
cellular network technology, succeeding 3G.
2) A 4G system enables mobile web access,
IP telephony, gaming services, high definition mobile television, video
conferencing, and 3D television.
Internet service provider (ISP):
An Internet service provider (ISP) is a
company that provides customers with Internet access. Data may be transmitted
using several technologies, including dial-up, DSL, cable modem, wireless or
dedicated high-speed interconnects.
Example: BSNL, MTNL, IDEA, Airtel etc.
